![]() The bacteria first contaminate the tissues surrounding the urethra, then enter the bladder through the urethra and form an initial colony. mirabilis UTIs occur in an ascending manner. Adherence followed by colonization is the basis of UTI pathogenesis. The interaction between the bacterium and the host immune system determines the level of infection. Pyelonephritis results from a complication of either of the conditions mentioned above and therefore, the patient presents symptoms of urethritis or cystitis along with flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, nausea and vomiting, fever, and sometimes an enlarged kidney. Prostatitis affects men more acutely than cystitis with the same set of symptoms, though sometimes along with fever and chills. ![]() They include painful urination, increased frequency and urgency of urination, small volume urine, dark urine, urine containing red blood cells, suprapubic pain, and back pain. The symptoms of cystitis are more prominent than urethritis. In males, symptoms are usually mild and could include urethral discharge. Symptoms of urethritis include painful urination, urine containing white blood cells, and increased frequency of urination. A history of frequent renal stones can be an indication of chronic P. mirabilis infection may present with urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, or pyelonephritis. mirabilis causes symptomatic infections of the urinary tract by either ascending from the gastrointestinal tract or by person-to-person transmission usually in healthcare settings. This bacterium is frequently found in soil and water, and is also part of the normal bacterial community residing in the human gastrointestinal tract. Proteus mirabilis is commonly the causative agent of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), UTIs associated with components that compromises the urinary tract or host defense, especially in individuals with functional or structural abnormalities or with long-term catheterization for patients whose bladders will not empty fully or empty at inappropriate times.
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